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浅谈宾语从句

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源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
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  浅谈宾语从句

  宾语从句:在复合句中,当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就被为宾语从句。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,宾语从句结构为:主句+连接词/引导词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词(引导词)在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:

  1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?

  The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

  2.连接词

  1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether:①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如:I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如:He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:

  Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?

  3.时态

  含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:

  1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:

  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

  2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:

  ①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。

  ②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

  3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。

  4.注意:

  if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。


源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net
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