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英语应用文写作技巧

所属栏目: 英语论文  更新时间:2021-04-20 点击次数:

源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
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应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体。它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性,应用文包括很广,如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同等。应用文的语言应使用规范语言,重在实用,力求朴实、准确、简洁。
  

一、书信
    书信我们分为两部分:信封和内容。
  1、信封的写法。
  英语信封正面的左上角,写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点,写收信人的地址和姓名。
  英语信封上的地点名称由小到大,视其长短可占二至五行不等。
  寄信人只写姓名,不写头衔。但是,收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔,以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士,通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。信封的写法,一般来说,很少出现在中考英语的作文中。
  2、内容。
   英文信一般可以分为下列几个部分。
  1)信端(Heading)即写信人的地址和发信日期
  2)收信人姓名地址
  3)称呼
  4)信的正文
  5)结束语
  6)签名
  有的时候,出题者会让考生写e-mail。e-mail的写法和书信的写法基本一致。只不过少了书信在信封上的繁琐。
  (2005年北京)根据中文大意,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。
  假设你叫王明,昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail,得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail,介绍学习中文的体会和方法,提出你的建议,以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。
Dear David,
   I'm glad you'll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
   Hope to see you soon in Beijing.
                                                            Yours,
                                                         Wang Ming

 

写作格式:

 

Xxx:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,
                                                              Xxx


二、发言稿

语演讲词实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文,其基本组成部分是: 1)开始时对听众的称呼语最常用的是 ladies and gentlemen,也可根据不同情况,选用 fellow students, distinguished guests, Mr. chairman, honorable judges(评委)等等。 2)提出论题。 由于演讲的时间限制,必须开门见山,提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样,但最生动,最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如:你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子,你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外,用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法,比如:你要谈遵守交通规则的话题,你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。 3)论证。 对提出的论题,不可主观地妄下结论,而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等,可参见英语议论文的有关章节。 4)结论。 结论要简明扼要,以给听众留下深刻印象。 5)结尾。 结尾要简洁,不要拉拉扯扯,说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响,说些类似“准备不足,请谅解”,“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是:Thank you very much for your attention.
发言稿要注意以下三点:
  1、发言的地点
  2、发言的对象
  3、发言的内容。

例文:

  (2005年河北)在一次英语班会上,老师请同学们以“Proud of My School”为主题发言。请根据下面所给的提示写一篇发言稿。字数要求在80~100词之间。文中不得出现真实的人名、地名。
    提示:①What does your school look like?
    ②What fun do you have at school?
    ③Why do you like your school?
                        

Proud of My School

Fellow students:                        

My school is very big with several tall buildings. There are 2,000 students in my school. We have a big playground with lots of trees around it. There are a lot of flowers everywhere.
  We have lots of fun at school. After class we play games and do lots of sports, like a big family. The teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.

Thank you very much for your attention.
 

写作格式:

Title

Xxx:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you very much for your attention.


三、通知
  1.发出通知的单位和对象在一般情况下用第三人称,如要求同学们按时到会,不说“we must to…”或“you should…”,而应写成:all the students are requested to be there on time.
  2.在语言上,口头通知的句型应该做到口语化,多用简单句和祈使句,语言上尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息。通知中提及的事情都是计划要做的,时态多用将来时,语态多用被动式。
  在句式上,常以“boys and girls/ladies and gentlemen”等作为称呼语。开头常用句式是“may I have your attention,please?/attention,please./I've got some- thing important to say./I'm very glad to tell you that.../please be quiet, everyone! I have something to say. / I have some good news for you!/ There will be a talk tomorrow./ The sports meeting will be held.../it has been decided that we'll pay a visit to…”,在通知结尾处常用句式“Please be there on time”并以“That's all. Thank you!”作为客套结束语。
  3.书面通知常以布告形式张贴或写在布告牌、黑板上,把事情通知到有关人员等。为醒目起见,标题的每个字母可以用大写(如notice)。一开头需要交代说明何事(what)、何地(where)、何时(when)、何人(who)。
  4.在句式写法上必须注意以下几点:①尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息,多用简单句或短句、单句,以避免繁杂;②通知往往着重对活动内容、对象进行说明,多用被动语态,如“The class meeting will be held…”(班会将举行……)等等;③通知是要求下级成员该做什么或注意什么,多用祈使句;④通知中所告的事情大部分是未进行的,故多用将来时态。
  通知的正文一般都是写在"Notice"一词之下,一般来说不必写称呼语和结束语。单位名称可以写在notice之上,也可以写在正文的右下角。
  正文一般采用文章式,有时为了醒目,也可采用广告式。广告式要力求简明扼要,一个句子可分几行。每行第一个字母一般要大写。

例文:
  (2005年湖北)明天(星期五)全班同学将去参观科学博物馆(the Science Museum),由你(班长)通知全体同学。(通知的开头和结尾已给出)内容如下:
    1. 早上8点钟在校门口集合,步行前往。
    2. 下星期一交一份有关参观的报告。
    3. 参观时要认真听,仔细看并记下有趣的东西。
    4. 不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照。
    5. 带笔和笔记本。
    要求:①不要逐句翻译。 ②字数60~80。
Fellow students,
   We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please don't make any noise in the museum and don't take any pictures. You'll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.
                                                       Thank you.

 

写作格式:

Xxx:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                          Thank you.
四、启事

  启事是一种公告式的应用文。团体或个人如有什么事情要向大家公开说明或对公众有什么要求,可将要说的话写成启事,张贴在布告栏上或登在报刊上。启事一般无固定格式,要求简明扼要即可。


失物招领和寻物启事的格式要求

1. 寻物词以Lost为标题,招领启示以Found为题 写在内容正上方居中的位置

2. 另起一行,在标题下面的右上角写日期

3. 寻物的正文内容主要关于遗失的物品,遗失的时间,地点和如果有人发现或捡到可以送交的人或地点

4.  招领的正文包括招领的物品,拾到物品的地点,时间以及失主认领物品的地点,联系人等信息

5.  单位/个人署名写在正文的右下角。


例文:

  假设你叫高迪,是高一(2)班的学生。你在10月16日晚上把一本《牛津高级英汉双解字典》丢在阅览室里,用英语写一则寻物启事,贴在餐厅前的留言板上,请捡到者交给你或你班班长。启事时间:10月17日
                              Lost
                                                      October 17th
  On the evening of October 16th,I left my Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary in the reading-room. It is new. Will the finder please send it to me in Class Two, senior Grade One or to our monitor? Thank you very much.
                                                            Gao Di
  

写作格式:

Lost

Date

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Xxx
五、海报

  海报是一种带有装饰性的宣传广告。有时配以绘画图案。内容以影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等为主。为了尽可能使更多的人知道,海报往往贴在醒目之处。

例文:

    请以学生会文体部的名义为一场篮球友谊赛写一份海报,内容如下:
    1. 参加者:美国北地中学校队和我校校队
    2. 地点:水泥球场
    3. 时间:2005年11月20日(星期天)下午4点
    4. 组织者:我院学生会文体部
    5. 海报发出时间:2005年11月14日
                             POSTER
                      Friendly Basketball Match
  Under the auspices of the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students' Union of our school, a friendly basketball watch will be held between the visiting U.S. Northfield Team and ours on the cement basketball count on Sunday, November20th 2005 at 4:00 p.m.
        the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the Students' Union
                                                  November14th 2005写作格式:

POSTER

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                         Department

                                                                Date

英语应用文的常用句型:

 1. request the pleasure of 恭请... 2. The favor of a reply is requested 敬赐复函 3. thank you for inviting us to dinner 谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐 4. the reception will be held in ..., on ... 招待会定于……在......举行 5. We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend…. 我们期待您的光临 6. we have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion 为此我们决定举办 一次晚会 7. please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience 是否参 加,请早日告之。8. Thank you very much for ... 十分感谢... 9. Many thanks for your ... 非常感谢您... 10. Please accept my sincere appreciation for ... 请接受我对...真挚的感谢 11. I am truly grateful to you for ... 为了...,我真心感激您 12. It was good (thoughtful) of you ... 承蒙好意(关心)... 13. You were so kind to send ... 承蒙好意送来... 14. Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 再次感谢您的盛情款待,并期待不久见到您 15. I find an ordinary thank-you entirely inadequate to tell you how much... 我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地... 16. I sincerely appreciate ... 我衷心地感谢... 17.I wish to express my profound appreciation for ... 我对…深表谢意 18. Many thanks for your generous cooperation 谢谢贵方的真诚合作。

 

 


源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
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