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源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net 被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态
英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态
①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.
→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.
②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
2.写作中常见的被动语态
(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)
①The exhibition will be heldfrom 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being usedin the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)
当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
(2)情态动词+be+过去分词
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.
为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seenfrom the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
(3)get+过去分词
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014·北京高考满分作文)
通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。
②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.(2014·北京高考满分作文)
我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的左脚受伤了。
[即时演练] 句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)
1.Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.
2.It is true that many things determine our future.
→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.
3.The boss made him work all day long.
→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.
4.I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.
二、委婉动听的虚拟语气
虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。
1.陈述语气变虚拟语气
①I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam.
→If I had takenhis advice, I wouldn't have failedin the exam.
②It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.
→It's time that we took/should takemeasures to protect endangered animals.
2.写作中常见的虚拟语气
(1)if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”
Secondly, if I wereyou, I would takea walk in the evening with my friends.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
(2)wish型虚拟语气，“希望……”
Besides, I wishthere wouldn't betoo many students in a class.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
(3)as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像……”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/thoughthey had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
(4)if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了;但愿……”
If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015·重庆高考写作)
要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。
(5)It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，“是……的时候了”
It is high time thatboth children and parents took/should takeactions to make some changes.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。
(6)(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该……”
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggestyou (should) practicewith Chinese people.(2015·四川高考满分作文)
为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人一起练习。
(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有……，要不是……”
Without your help,we couldn't have finishedthe work ahead of time.
要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。
[即时演练] 用虚拟语气补全句子
1.看我现在所处的糟糕境地!要是我听了你的建议就好了!
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If onlyI_had_taken_your_advice!
2.如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。
If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier/Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_she would have seen her old friend.
3.建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested thateveryone_(should)_eatmore fruit and vegetables.
4.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
If youhad_takenmy advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
5.是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。
It's high time thatwe_made/should_make_up_our_mindsto study hard.
三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型
表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。
1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+(名词)+as
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year istwice as much as that of last year.
引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。
2.the+比较级...，the+比较级...“越……，就越……”
The lessthe teacher does, the morethe students do and the more they will learn.(2015·广东高考满分作文)
老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。
3.比较级+than+any (other)+名词单数...“比任何其他的都……”
Mike is more hardworking than any other studentin the class.
迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
4.prefer ... to ...“喜欢……胜过……”
As for “wild release” and “controlled release”，Ipreferthe latter onetothe former one.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)
对于自由分享和定向分享，我喜欢后者胜过前者。
5.be senior/junior to “比……年长/年龄小;(地位或级别等)比……高/低”
Mr. Liu isthree years senior tome, and he isalso senior tome in our company.
刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。
[即时演练] 用倍数和比较句型补全句子
1.我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的四倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which isfour_times_as_bigas it used to be.
2.中国比亚洲的任何一个其他的国家都大，也比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
China islarger_than_any_othercountry in Asia and also larger than any country in Africa.
3.你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。
The_harderyou work,the_greater_progressyou will make. 来
源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
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