单元语法(Grammar Focus)语法精讲定语从句1．定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。从句放在被修饰词(即先行词)之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。2．定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词(that，which，who/whom/whose)和关系副词(where，when，why等)。我们先就关系代词作讲解。3．关系代词的作用关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that在定语从句中的作用见下表： 先行词指代对象 在句中所作成分 人事物人＋事物是否可省略作主语who/thatwhich/thatthat不可省略作宾语who/whom/thatwhich/thatthat可省略作定语whosewhose/of which/不可省略 (1)who指人，在定语从句中作主语。如：The boy who speaks English very well is from America.那个英语说得很好的男孩来自美国。【注意】当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。(2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。如：The lady(who/whom)he is talking to is his girlfriend.正在和他交谈的那位女士是他的女友。(3)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时省略。如：The building which is being built will be used as a hospital.正在建设的这幢大楼将用作医院。(4)that既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当who或whom；指物时，相当which。that作宾语时省略。如：Tomato is a vegetable that/which is good for health.西红柿是一种对健有益的蔬菜。(指物，作主语)The woman athlete(that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上看到的那位女运动员获得了一枚金牌。(指人，作宾语)(5)whose通指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定 |
