定语从句语法笔记 |
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源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net 一、 关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose
1． who先行词必须是“人”并在从句中作主语、宾语.
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
I shall never forget the teacher who taught me at the middle school.
The foreigners who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
2． whom先行词必须是“人”并在从句中作宾语.
The boy whom I talked with is my old classmate.
He is the man who/whom I visited last week.
3. that 多用来指物，有时也指“人”指物时与which基本相同。在从句中作主语、宾语。
You must do everything that I do.
This is the factory that makes washing machine.
Who is that man that is standing near the door?
Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
4. which先行词必须是“物”并在从句中作主语、宾语.
They planted the trees which don’t need too much water.
The fish which we bought were not fresh.
We visited a factory which makes toys for children.
5. whose 先行词可以是“人”也可是“物”。在从句中做定语。
Miss Smith is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
The teacher is talking with the students whose homework hasn’t been handed in.
二、 关系副词：when/ where/ why
6 先行词是表示时间，在从句中做时间状语。
I shall never forget the day when I joined the Party.
The PLA men come at the time when the people need them most.
7. 先行词是表示地点，在从句中做地点状语
Do you still remember the place where we first met.
Have you been to the small town where you were born.
8. 先行词是表示原因(reason)，在从句中做原因状语
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
The reason why you can’t study English well is your laziness.
一．只用 that的场合
1. 先行词为不定代词 all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one , something etc.
Is there anything that I can do for you ?
All that is worth doing should be done well .
2. 先行词被only, very, just, last, all, no, little, few, any etc.修饰。
The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest.
There is little money that I can spend on books.
This is one of the presents that my friends gave me on my birthday.
3. 先行词由序数词修饰.
He was the first person that passed the exam..
We will never forget the first lesson that our Chinese teacher gave us.
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
4. 先行词是由最高级修饰.
This is the best way that can solve the problem.
This is the best book that I have ever bought.
5. 先行词既有“人”又有“物”时。
The film star and her film that you have just talked about is really well known.
The visitor spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
6. 被修饰词(先行词)为数词时。
He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are playing in the garden.
7. 如果有两个从句其中一个pron which.另一个用that.
He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8. 主句是There be 结构。修饰主语的定语从句that. 主语是物。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.
二．只用Which 的场合
1. 非限制定语从句中。 Let’s discuss the question, which we are interested in
2. 在定语从句中作介宾语，且连接置于介词之后。
His house, for which he paid 10,000yuan ten years ago, is now worth 30.000 yuan.
三．只用Who 的场合
1. 先行词为 one .ones, anyone, those等。
Anyone who does that must be mad。 谁那样做一定是疯了。
Those who dare to break the law will be punished.
2. 用在There be 结构中，先行词为“人”。There is a young man who wants to see you.
3. 为避免重复。
The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shang hai.
4. 当先行词为he ,you，I，etc.常用谚语。
He who plays fire gets burned.玩火自焚。
定语从句自编背诵口诀
定从句分辨
无逗号即限 eg:Do you know the man who spoke just now?(限制性定语从句)
有逗号非限 eg:He has a brother , who works in Guiyang.(非限制性定语从句)
关系所用词 （who;whom;whose;which;that）
随着先行变 (先行：即所被的指人或指物有先行词 )
限定先指人
who;whom要当先 eg:We know the students (who/that are very naughty in our school).
that紧跟前
限定先指物
which;that两出现 eg:The jacket (which/that is hanging on the wall) is mine.
缺定用whose eg:This is the girl (whose family is in the northeast.)
缺主用who;that eg: All architect is a person (who/that) designs house and buidings.
Which把物接 eg:Please bring back the dictionary (which/that) I lent you last week.
缺宾找who;whom;that eg:The doctor (who/whom/that)we are talking about can speak French.
who可把whom替
通常可省略 eg:The person (whom/who) I spoke to just now is our teacher
若前有介词
只许which;whom接 eg:The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.
且不可省略 eg: This is the book to which I referred in my talk.
非限先指人
who;whom两可兼 eg:His father , whom he loved dearly , died last year.
that滚一边 eg:He has a sister , who works inShanghaiis called Liping.
非限先指物
which独得天 eg: I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities , which was written by Charles Dikens.
定从有特殊
自有解决点
先行表时间
用when来当填 eg.He came last night when I was out
先行表地点
where字必须选 eg.The place where I met her was railway station
先行是reason
用why合因原 eg.The reason why he didn’t go to school yesterday is that he was very sick..
先行way置前
用how永不变 eg.This is the way how he worked out the problem.
来
源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net
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