高效课堂英语语法教学活动探究

　　摘要：在新课程背景下，随着高效课堂教学模式的深入，针对目前高中英语传统、单一的语法教学方式，本文阐述了利用视听说、读写译的综合式教学法，指导学生在自主学习、合作探究、多元评价中，快乐地习得语法知识和提高语言实际运用技能。

　　关键词：语法教学；课堂活动；听说读写译；综合式教学法

　　一、语法教学的意义

　　1.“Grammar——rules for forming words and combining them into

　　sentences.”（语法揭示了词形变化和遣词造句的规律《牛津高阶英汉词典》）

　　学习语法有助于培养学生规范正确的语言逻辑思维和准确地道的运用英语。[1]

　　对于缺少语言环境并将英语作为外语学习的初学者来说，语法学习称得上是一

　　捷径。

　　2. 从高考改革形势来看，试题更侧重考察学生的语言交际能力和语篇阅读理

　　能力。因此，学生须掌握好语法基础知识。

　　3. 新《英语课程标准》指出“课程改革的重点是要改变英语课程过分强调语

　　和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的倾向，强调课程从

　　生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交

　　的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力。”[2] 因此

　　在新课改和高效课堂背景下，教师要改变教学模式，搞活语法教学课堂。

　　二、语法教学的现状

　　目前，传统的语法教学模式较普遍，沉闷的课堂气氛，老师独角戏、灌输式地讲解传授，学生昏昏欲睡地听经、一知半解地抄语法笔记、死记硬背语言规则和机械式地题海练习。然而，语法教学的精髓是将语言的形式与其意义、交际功能有机的结合起来，通过在实际的语言运用中去内化语言规则，从而达到有效交际和应用语言的目的。[3]因此，教师应创设各种教学活动模式，让学生在“做中学，学以用”的课堂语境中掌握语法知识，提高语言应用技能。

　　三、综合式语法教学方法

　　1. 视、听、说的语境活动

　　语言在实景语言中产生。[4]教师利用多媒体，图片，实物等教学媒介，设置趣味性的游戏、新颖的交际情景、多样化的语境活动，这不仅能激起学生用学习、参与、探究的兴趣，促使学生中掌握应用语言知识，而且能更好地提高英语课堂教学效率。

　　2. 读、写、译的任务活动

　　教师创设贴近生活的实践活动，把抽象的语法知识转化为解决具体实际任务，让学生在参与、实践中学习、理解语言知识，更好地培养学生的语言技能。

　　3. 多元化评价体系

　　在教学设计中，教师可创设课堂团队竞争评价体系，将生生，师生，小组，班级评价与形成性、终结性评价相结合。多元化评价有利于树立学生的自信心，激发学生学习兴趣，保持学生积极、主动的情感态度，营造乐学的课堂氛围，提高学生学习的效率。

　　四、语法教学活动设计示例

　　1.视、听、说语境活动中学习语法

　　1） Play a guess game （问猜游戏中习得定语从句）

　　教师先呈现定语从句语法知识，让同桌合作练习用定语从句描述人或物；然后学生依次以问题形式提问，全班猜词，教师可将错误句子记录在黑板上，最后全班讨论纠正语法错误并给予评价。

　　1） A: Do you know the person who/that can cure our illness.

　　B: It's the doctor.

　　2） A: Do you know the place where/in which I can see the relics?

　　B: It's the museum.

　　3） A: What is the object which/that can make you speak to others?

　　B: It's the cell phone.

　　4） A: Who is the person from whom we can learn knowledge?

　　B: It's a teacher.

　　5） A: Do you know the festival when/in which Chinese children can receive luck money?

　　B: It's the Spring Festival.

　　6） A: Who is the first writer whose book won the Noble Prize for Literature in China?

　　B: It's Muoyan.

　　2. Play a dialogue（角色对话表演中学练代词“it” ）

　　教师先让学生浏览对话，让小组合作用one, it, that, this填写对话，并探究语言规则；然后让小组代表汇报答案，教师讲解指导；其次学生在纠错中归纳代词 “it”的意义用法，并用代词“it”编造、表演对话，最后给予评价。

　　Student A plays the role of an eyewitness and StudentB acts as a policeman who wants to know more information about the accident.

　　P: When was it that you saw the victim?

　　E: It was at 22:10 or so on Sunday of Mach 10th, 2009.

　　P: Where was it that you witnessed the accident?

　　E: It was at the corner of the RenMin Street that I saw a car hit the lady and run away quickly.

　　P: What was the weather like on the day of the accident?

　　E: It was raining and the ground was slipping.

　　P: What was the color of traffic lights ahead?

　　E: It was almost turning the red.

　　P: What was the speed of your car, when he passed by?

　　E: It was at the speed of 50km/h.

　　P: What was the driver like?

　　E: It was dark outside, so it's hard to recognize who it was.

　　P: Could you see the car number?

　　E: It's not distinct.

　　3. Question race（问题抢答活动中学习名词性从句）

　　教师与学生先演示对话，询问彼此的问题并给出建议，再将其问答句型书写在黑板上；然后让学生轮流提出自己的问题，全班抢答给出建议，并将学生表达的名词性从句书写在黑白上；其次教师讲授名词从句知识，让学生在纠错辨析中学习名词性从句的用法，最后给予评价。

　　1） T: What's your trouble?

　　S: I don't know how I can speak English fluently.

　　T: I want to tell you that practice makes perfect.

　　S: How about you?

　　T: My trouble is that I can't sleep well at night.

　　S: I think that you'd better see a doctor.

　　2） Boy: What's your problem?

　　Girl: It's a problem that I am too fat.

　　Boy: I suggest that you should have a balanced diet.

　　Girl: What's your trouble?

　　Boy: My difficulty is which university should be a good choice.

　　Girl: I advise that you should turn to your parents for help.

　　3） Girl: What is your difficulty?

　　Boy: What I find difficult is how I can quit smoking.

　　Girl: I suppose that you can do some sports, when you want to smoke.

　　Boy: What worries you most?

　　Girl: It's a concern how I can get a job after graduation.

　　Boy: What I would suggest is that you should look for it online.

　　4） Boy: What's your question?

　　Girl: My question is where we can find the study materials about today's lesson.

　　Boy: My suggestion is that you should go to the library.

　　Girl: How about you?

　　Boy: It's a problem that I am addicted to computer games.

　　Girl: My advice is that you should read some books.

　　4. Appreciate an English Song （歌曲欣赏中学习让步状语从句）

　　学生先视听欣赏歌曲，然后教师让每个小组在歌词中查找、探究状语从句；其次教师讲解让步状语从句no matter与连词的意义用法，并让学生翻译歌词大意，模仿造句；最后全班学唱歌曲并给予评价。

　　No matter what 无论如何

　　---by Boyzone

　　No matter what they tell us 无论他们如何告诉我们

　　No matter what they do 无论他们对我们做什么

　　No matter what they teach us 无论他们教给我们什么

　　What we believe is true 我们坚信的才是真理

　　No matter what they call us 无论他们如何称呼我们

　　However they attack 无论他们如何诋毁我们

　　No matter where they take us 无论他们把我们带到哪里

　　We'll find our own way back 我们将找到自己回来的路

　　No matter where it's barren 无论那里如何荒芜

　　A dream is being born 一个梦想正在诞生

　　No matter who they follow 无论他们追随着谁

　　No matter where they lead 无论他们去向哪里

　　No matter how they judge us 无论他们如何判决我们

　　I'll be everyone you need 我将永远和你在一起

　　2.读、写活动中学习语法

　　1） Fill in a notice to parents （填写通知中学习）

　　教师先呈现通知内容，让学生自主填写动词时态；然后小组讨论探究；其次教师讲解答案，并引导学生发现、归纳、总结现在完成时被动语态知识和用法；最后师生给予评价。

　　A notice to parents [5]

　　Dear parents:

　　We hope you will welcome this news.

　　Almost 100 computers have been given to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. And a new computer room already has been set up in our school. Since then, a decision has been made by our school that we will begin a computer teaching experiment.

　　So far, most of our courses have been taught by using computers. Recently, our school has been built up a computer center for our studies, and a lot of information has been downloaded from the internet up till now. Over time, my knowledge and skills have been improved a lot.

　　We will appreciate your valuable advice for the development of our school computer center.

　　WeiBin Middle School

　　10/06/2008

　　2） Appreciate and write a poem （诗歌鉴赏仿写中学习虚拟语气）

　　教师先让学生朗诵鉴赏，然后小组成员练习许愿句型，并让小组代表在黑板上书写愿望，全班讨论探究语言规则；其次教师讲虚拟语气知识和用法；最后用虚拟语气句式仿写短诗，并给予评价。

　　How I wish

　　How I wish that I could become a white cloud,

　　drifting to the wide hill top of my home town.

　　How I wish that I could become a light breeze,

　　conveying the gentle greetings in my heart.

　　How I wish that I could become a bouquet,

　　softly sending out a sweet fragrance.

　　How I wish that I could become a butterfly,

　　fluttering after your footsteps.

　　我多想

　　我多想变成一朵白云，

　　飘在家乡宽阔的山岭。

　　我多想化成一阵微风，

　　送去心中轻轻的问候。

　　我多想變成一束花儿，

　　微微散发甜甜的香意，

　　我多想化成一只蝴蝶，

　　朝您的足迹行处飞去。

　　A Mother's Wish

　　How I wish that I had been your classmate, peacefully playing with you,

　　How I wish that I were your best friend, softly listening to your heart,

　　How I wish that I could be a Father Christmas, silently leaving you a gift.

　　A Student's Wish

　　If only I had listened to the concert last night!

　　If only I had less homework today!

　　If only I could have a holiday tomorrow!

　　If

　　If I had followed my teacher's advice before, I would have been admitted to a key university.

　　If I were a teenage at school now, I would try my best to study hard.

　　If I should leave school tomorrow, I would keep it up to realize my dream.

　　3） Rewrite a story （改写故事中学习分词）

　　教师先比较辨析分词知识和用法，再让学生小组合作探究用分词形式改写句子，并连句成篇；然后小组呈现改写的故事，全班讨论纠错，教师进行讲解指导；最后给予评价。

　　My Friend's Wedding[5]

　　1. I felt honored when I heard I was going to be a bridesmaid.

　　2. I didn't sleep well the night before the wedding day, because I felt so excited.

　　3. In the morning I got up early, though I felt tired. When I entered her room, I found the bride got dressed up beautifully.

　　4. After she got ready, the bride was accompanied by the relatives and friends to the spectacular garden which acts as a wedding occasion.

　　5. As I followed the bride with a bunch of flowers into the garden, I saw the church was decorated with flowers and that the delighted guests were sitting there and welcomed the new couple with big applause.

　　6. Finally, although the wedding ended up quickly with a joyful and songs, it impressed and moved me.

　　My Friend's Wedding

　　Hearing that I was going to be my friend's bridesmaid, I felt so honored. Being excited, I didn't sleep well that night before the wedding. Feeling tired, I got up early the next morning. Entering her room, I found the bride dressed up beautifully. Having got ready, she was accompanied the relatives and friends to the spectacular garden acting as a wedding occasion. Following the bride with a bunch of flowers, I entered the garden and saw the church decorated with flowers and the delighted guests sitting there, welcoming the new couple with big applause. Finally, ending up with a joyful activity and songs, the wedding made me impressed and moved .

　　3. Translate and recite the proverbs（翻译背诵中辨析定语和名词性从句）

　　教师呈现谚语佳句，再让学生小组合作讨论用连词填空，并探究对比定语和名词性从句的区别；然后教师指导讲解，全班讨论总结两者的区别；最后全班背诵赏析谚语并给予评价。

　　1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助

　　2.All is well that ends well.结果好就一切都好

　　3. That thing which is rare is dear.物以稀为贵

　　4. People who know nothing fear nothing.初生牛犊不怕虎

　　5. One who never made a mistake never made anything.

　　不犯错误的人必然一事无成

　　6. Whoever plays with fire gets burnt. 玩火者自焚

　　7. Who the gods love dies young. 好人不长寿

　　8. Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.

　　今日事今日毕

　　9. Children are what the mothers are. 母行子效

　　10. Home is where the heart is. 心系哪里，哪里就是家

　　五、结语

　　语法教学需要通过实践来实现，其教学效果也要由实践来检验。[6] 语法教学没有绝对最优的方法，教师需要根据学生，教学、目的、内容和课时等具体情况，选择恰当的视听说、读写译等教学方法，并在教学过程中分析得失，改进创新，让学生在“乐中学，学中用”的教学活动中培养语言应用技能，提高课堂效率和教学质量。

　　参考文献：

　　[1] 《高中英语语法教学方法谈》，霍艳敏，2010

　　[2] 《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，人民教育出版社，2003.

　　[3] 陈钧，廖茂良。如何在语法教学中贯彻交际原则[J].新余高专学报， 2006.

　　[4] 崔利霞。论高中英语课堂活动的设置[J].教育教学论坛，2011（7）。

　　[5] 《普通高中课程标准英语实验教科书》，人民教育出版社，2007.

　　[6] 李芳。浅谈高中英语课堂活动的设置[J].学周刊。C，2009（5）。