陕西省宝鸡市渭滨中学 郭艳红
摘要：高中英语教育在整个英语教育体系中扮演着一个极其重要的角色，它不仅仅肩负着提高学生实际综合语言应用能力的责任，也承担着学生参加高考，取得优异成绩的责任。在高考的150分里，其中高考阅读占40分，再加上和阅读能力息息相关的完形填空的30分，阅读能力的考核几乎占到了一半。《陕西省考试说明》也指出，阅读是高中英语教学和测试评价的重点。考生应能理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出简单判断和推测、理解文章的基本结构，理解作者的意图、观点和态度。近些年来，高考阅读理解题题材广泛，体裁多样，命题既注重从语言学角度考查学生的语言知识和语言技能，又侧重从心理学的角度检测学生的学习策略、情感、态度等因素，而且较多地检测学生对文章的隐含意义、逻辑结构的把握和对主旨大意的概括。因此，笔者决心努力探究高效课堂背景下的英语阅读课教学，旨在提高英语阅读课教学的效度。以高效课堂导学案为线索的任务型阅读教学模式首先用明确的任务确立了学生的阅读目标，这让学生在阅读的过程中不再茫然。背景知识的渗透和亲身参与的导入让学生熟悉并且亲近阅读的内容，环环相扣，层层推进的阅读任务涵盖了理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出简单判断和推测、理解文章的基本结构，理解作者的意图、观点和态度等各方面能力的培养。开放式讨论和教师的品德情感教育又从心理学的角度帮助和促进了学生的学习策略、情感态度价值观的形成和发展，务实的课后练习不仅练习了学习和高考，也提高了学生阅读理解能力和技巧。
关键词：英语教育 高考英语 阅读能力 高效课堂 阅读课教学方法探究
引 言
社会生活的信息化和经济的全球化，使英语的重要性日益突出。英语作为最重要的信息载体之一，已成为人类生活各个领域中使用最广泛的语言。许多国家在基础教育发展战略中，都把英语教育作为公民素质教育的的重要组成部分，并将其摆在突出的地位。随着社会的发展，我国英语教育的规模不断扩大，教育教学取得了显著地成就。然而，英语教育的现状尚不能适应我国经济建设和社会发展的需要，与时代发展的要求还存在差距。
我国于2001年颁布的《国家英语新课程标准》明确指出此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授，而忽视培养学生实际语言运用能力的倾向；强调课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发；倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径；发展学生的综合语言应用能力，使语言学习称为学生积极的情感态度、主动的思维习惯、大胆实践、提高跨文化意识并形成自主学习能力的过程。
高中英语教育在整个英语教育体系中扮演着一个极其重要的角色，它不仅仅肩负着提高学生实际综合语言应用能力（如图1）的责任，也承担着学生参加高考，取得优异成绩的责任。根据考试大纲，英语高考试题要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题；要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话，要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、广告、说明等相关信息；要求考生根据提示进行书面表达；要求考生根据要求进行口头表达。在高考的150分里，其中高考阅读占40分，再加上和阅读能力息息相关的完形填空的30分，阅读能力的考核几乎占到了一半。《陕西省考试说明》也指出，阅读是高中英语教学和测试评价的重点。考生应能理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出简单判断和推测、理解文章的基本结构，理解作者的意图、观点和态度。近些年来，高考阅读理解题题材广泛，体裁多样，命题既注重从语言学角度考查学生的语言知识和语言技能，又侧重从心理学的角度检测学生的学习策略、情感、态度等因素，而且较多地检测学生对文章的隐含意义、逻辑结构的把握和对主旨大意的概括。因此，提高英语阅读课教学效度就非常重要了。
图1
英语阅读课教学现状
1）调查问卷
1、你的阅读习惯是怎样的？
A、只老师布置的阅读任务 B.只能完成老师布置的部分阅读任务 C、经常自觉阅读
2、你的阅读状态是？
A．不能静下心来阅读，稀里糊涂，凑合完成老师布置的任务
B.大多数单词不认识，无法理解，也没耐心阅读 C.经常自觉阅读，能体验到阅读的快乐
3、你觉得制约自己在阅读中有很好表现的原因有哪些？（可多选）
A.词汇量小，语法知识欠缺B.理解能力有限 C.单词认识，不会翻译，不能理解作者意思
4、你是否掌握一些阅读技巧？
A.不掌握 B.掌握一些 C.能够灵活使用一些阅读技巧
5、老师在阅读教学中采用了哪些办法？你有什么好的建议？
2）学生的学
根据调查，笔者了解到很多学生仅仅完成教师所布置的比如练习册或是考试试卷中的阅读任务，很少进行英语阅读。即使面对教师所布置的阅读任务，很多学生也持有应付的态度，不能非常完美的进行阅读。根据调查显示，多数学生由于词汇量小，语法知识欠缺，更重要的是理解能力不足导致对阅读文章模糊不清，不知所云体会作者的写作情感和意图，对所读文章无法深入理解，根本达不到阅读理解的要求。同时，学生虽然知道一些阅读技巧，却无法得心应手地应用，从而对阅读失去了兴趣和自信。
3）教师的教：很多教师把材中的阅读文章当做了知识点的载体，把文章一句句断开讲解和传授语法和词汇知识，学生虽然理解文章的字面意义，却没有深入理解文章，挖掘语篇的深层含义。更不用说从阅读中体会到乐趣，从文章中升华情感了。
高效课堂背景下高中英语阅读课教学模式探究
在多年的教学工作中，笔者曾尝试过多种阅读课教学模式的探究。有讲解式的，有自学式的，有练习式的。后来，经多年实践验证，以高效课堂导学案为线索的任务型阅读教学模式效果不错。现以必修四第一单元阅读为例说明：
Module 4 Unit 1 Working the land 导学案
【课前准备】阅读Unit2词汇表和课文完成以下词汇练习。
1．n. 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 ____________________
2.adj.晒黑的 ____________________
3. vi.& n.斗争；拼搏； 努力 ____________________
4.n.十年;十年期 ____________________
5.adj.特级的；超级的 ________________
6.adj.混合的；杂种的 n.杂交种；混血儿 ________________
7.n.产量；输出 ________________
8.n.（植物的）品种、种类 ________________
9.n.庄稼；农作物；产量 _________________
10.n.饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi. （使）饥饿 _________________
11.adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 _________________
12.vt.&vi.使变大；伸展 ________________
13.vt. & vi 循环；流传 ________________
14.n.越南（东南亚国家） _________________
15. 幸亏；由于；因为 _________________
16. n.战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt. & vi搏斗；奋斗 ________________
17.使……摆脱或除去 ________________
18. 对……感到满意 ________________
19.n.自由；自主 ________________
20. 宁愿；宁可 _________________
21.adv.因此；所以；因而 __________________
22.vt. & vi配备；装备 _________________
23.n.高粱 ________________
24.n.谷物；粮食；颗粒 _________________
25.n.花生 ________________
26.vt. & vi输出；出口 _______________
27.n.国籍 ________________
28.工作；职业；占领 _________________
29.性格；个性；人格 _________________
30.vt.使迷惑；使为难 _________________
【课堂学习】
Step1. Lead in
Just as an old Chinese saying goes, “Food is the first necessity of man.” We rely on food, without food, without us, it can not be changed. We Chinese people usually pay special attention to food because we only account for 7 percent of the world's land, but we planted one-third of the world's rice to feed 22 percent of the world population. Therefore, working the land to provide enough food seems so important. In the coming unit, we will experience something about working the land.
Step2.Warming up and pre-reading
The countryside has played an important part both in Chinese traditional agriculture and in Chinese modern agriculture..
1) Have you ever been to the countryside? What did you see or do there?
2) Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? How would you grow it?
3) What do you know about “farming”?
4) What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries? If there was no rice one day, what would happen?
*A basic food that everyone eats everyday --- staple food
England, Canada and USA --- potatoes and bread
South America and central America --- corn
China, Italy, India and Japan --- rice and pasta (n.面食)
5) In 2010 ，The United Nations food and agriculture organization and the world food program issued a report and pointed out that despite the agricultural achievements were likely to reduce the number of global hunger below 1 billion, but the fact was that every 6 seconds there would be a child death due to lack of food. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization：Now， the world produces enough food for everyone, yet more than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day. That is, Food crisis and starvation still exist. How to solve the problem?
Step3. Reading
Task 1 Listening and Skimming
1. When and who did become the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output?
2. What is the special strain of rice called?
Task2. Scan the passage quickly to match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A.Dr. Yuan’s dreams.
Para. 2 B. Dr. Yuan’s personality(性格).
Para. 3 C.Dr. Yuan’s appearance（外表）and his achievements.
Para. 4 D. Dr. Yuan’s brief life experience/biography(传记).
Task3. Detailed reading
Para.1Dr Yuan’s appearance and his achievement
Q1: What does Dr Yuan look like?
Q2: What is his achievement?
Para.2 Put Dr Yuan’s life experience in right order.
a. He was born into a poor farmer’s family.
b. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural college.
c. In 1950, Chinese farmers produced 50 million tons of rice.
d. 200 million tons of rice was produced by growing his hybrid rice.
e. He searched a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of fields.
f. He helps rid the world of hunger by circulating his knowledge in less developed countries.
______—→_____—→ ______—→______—→______—→______
Para.3 Which of the following description about Dr Yuan’s personality is not true?
A.He is satisfied with his life because he is now rich and famous.
B. He cares little about money and fame(名望).
C. He would rather work than lead a comfortable life.
D. He enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.
Para.4 His dreams
1) The first dream____________________________________________________
2) The second dream__________________________________________________
Step 4. Summary(总结)
Personal information (Resume)
Name: _____________________ Nationality: _____________________
Age: _____________________ Occupation: _____________________
Dreams: __________________________________________________________
Achievements: _____________________________________________________
Hobbies: __________________________________________________________
Step 5.Moral Education
1) Poem
By Li Shen
Farmers weeding at noon,
Sweat down the field soon.
Who knows food on a tray,
Due to their toiling day.
2) Chinese traditional agriculture
Chinese modern agriculture
Chinese Ecological Agriculture
【课后检测】
1.Reading comprehension
① Why does Yuan Longping work the land?
A. Because he was born into a farmer’s farming.
B. Because he needs to do his research on farming.
C. Because he is interested in farming.
D. Because he has a slim and strong body.
② From the text, we can know that ?
A. Yuan Longping found a way to increase rich harvests by expanding the area of field.
B. Yuan Longping is satisfied with his life because he is famous and rich.
C. in the 1950s, many parts of the countryside were short of food.
D. his way of increasing rice harvest only works in some Asian countries.
③ What is Yuan Longping’s attitude towards money?
A. Too much money will cause a lot of troubles.
B. Money is of no use to a scientist.
C. Money is not important at all.
D. One has to spend all his money on his own research.
④ The whole passage mainly talks about?
A. How to solve the world’s hunger problem. B. How to increase rice harvests.
C. Yuan Longping’s achievements in farming. D. Yuan Longping’s daily life.
2.True or false.
( )1 Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.
( )2 Dr Yuan’s kind of rice is the most suitable for China’s farmland.
( )3 Dr Yuan would rather work than relax.
( )4 Dr Yuan has dreams when he is asleep and also when he is awake.
( )5 Dr Yuan enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.
3. Translation and reciting.
1 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
2. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
3. Thanks to his research, the U N has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
4. Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before.
5. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life How ever He doesn’t care about being farmers.
4.Fill in the blanks.
Yuan Longping is an agricultural_____1___(先锋 )_growing rice that has a high___2______(产量). He was born in a _____3_____(农民)family in 1931. In the 1950s,_____4_________(饥饿)was a serious problem in many parts of the countryside, which made him realize the _______5____(需要)_for increasing the rice output. So after graduation from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953, he ____6_____(献身)his life to finding ways to increase rice harvest without ____7________(扩大)the area of the fields. In 1974, he invented ___8_____, which makes it possible to produce ___9____(三分之一)_more of the crop in the same fields and now farmers are producing harvest______10___(两倍)_as large as before by using his special strain.__11_______(多亏)his research , the UN is trying to ___12______(消除)_the world of hunger. Now, DR Yuan is ___13_______(传播)_his knowledge in India, _____14_______(越南) and other less developed countries. He is now called “Father of _____15_____（杂交的） rice” by the world.
5.Fild out your difficulties.
模式说明
以高效课堂导学案为线索的任务型阅读教学模式首先用明确的任务确立了学生的阅读目标，这让学生在阅读的过程中不再茫然。背景知识的渗透和亲身参与的导入让学生熟悉并且亲近阅读的内容，环环相扣，层层推进的阅读任务涵盖了理解主旨和要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出简单判断和推测、理解文章的基本结构，理解作者的意图、观点和态度等各方面能力的培养。开放式讨论和教师的品德情感教育又从心理学的角度帮助和促进了学生的学习策略、情感态度价值观的形成和发展，务实的课后练习不仅练习了学习和高考，也提高了学生阅读理解能力和技巧。
结束语
阅读能力的培养关系重大，我们的学生不仅仅应该喜欢阅读，擅长阅读，更应该去享受阅读。作为英语教育者，我不仅仅应该努力探索高效的英语阅读课堂的教学模式，更应潜移默化地影响学生，使学生如同春风化雨般感受阅读的滋养，变得睿智，变得渊博。
参考书目：
《考试大纲》 2001
《陕西省考试说明》 2014
《英语阅读课教学》 2012
