您当前的位置:首页 > 教育范文 > 学科论文 > 英语论文

初中英语阅读教学的思与行

所属栏目: 英语论文  更新时间:2021-07-06 点击次数:

源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net

  摘要

  阅读在初中英语教学中非常重要,利用英语这个载体,去获取更多的信息,在阅读教学中,更要关注学生的阅读过程,教师在阅读中要激发学生的学习兴趣;通过阅读发展学生的词汇能力,提高学生的阅读速度,让学生掌握一些阅读策略和技巧,阅读就是要让学生去观察,去感受,去联想,同时要对所读材料进行想象,提高用英语进行思维和表达的能力;为学生未来的发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。

  关键词

  阅读 兴趣、提高

  阅读在初中英语教学中非常重要,因为中国人学英语绝大多数的运用都体现在阅读上,利用英语这个载体,去获取更多的信息,在发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上,阅读着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力;提高用英语进行思维和表达的能力;为学生未来的发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。但是目前初中生的英语阅读却存在着许多问题:

  (一)语言基础知识掌握不牢

  语言基础知识除了语音知识外,还包括词汇和语法两方面知识,词汇方面的问题突出表现在学生对所学的单词不能很好掌握,这是影响阅读水平的主要原因,学生掌握词汇量的多少直接影响了学生对文章的理解。如果没有达到熟练运用词汇的程度。那在阅读过程中,不得不经常停止连贯的阅读活动,将注意力放在对某个单词的猜测上,导致整个阅读速度的减慢,从而影响了对整篇文章的理解。另外,学生对语法知识也不能灵活运用,部分学生对语法的基本概念模糊不清,在阅读中遇到长句或难句时,理不清句子中各层次间的语法关系,以至造成理解上的偏差。。

  (二)文化背景知识了解不广

  在英语阅读过程中,语言知识固然是进行阅读的基础,但国家之间的文化差异往往会对学生形成干扰,造成阅读障碍。英语文章中不仅涉及大量的英语国家的文化、历史、习俗、政治、经济、名胜等各种背景知识,还涉及到科学技术的专业知识,如果阅读时不具备这些知识,必然会影响到对句子段落的理解,并出现误解。

  (三)阅读实践和阅读量不足

  只靠课堂学习,没有课外大量泛读的配合,提高阅读能力也是一句空话。课堂阅读教学不能代替阅读本身。阅读能力的提高只有通过大量的阅读实践才能实现。但遗憾的是有相当一部分学生不重视泛读,不愿意多花时间读或根本就不读,错误地认为只要背会课本上的单词,会做练习就足够了。其结果是课外阅读量越少,对语言的基本形式,诸如词汇、语法和句型就越陌生,读得也越缓慢,理解也越偏差。

  (四)阅读过程中的不良习惯

  由于受多方面因素的影响,学生在阅读的过程中存在着各种不良的习惯,主要表现在:缺乏自信被动阅读,不利于读者抓住文章主题;词汇量小阅读不畅,没有足够的词汇来理解阅读材料;回视前文重复阅读,导致没有足够的时间来通读全篇;重点不明,中心模糊,什么体裁的文章都用同样的读速;遇到生词就查字典,使学生缺少独立思考和猜词能力;阅读过程心里翻译,不利于培养英语语感和思维习惯等。

  为解决以上问题,我从以下几个方面入手,来培养学生的阅读能力:

  (一)激发阅读兴趣

  学生对英语越感兴趣,学习积极性就越高,自觉性就越强。在英语阅读教学过程中,教师应当尽量创造时间和空间,提供正常的阅读环境和真实的阅读材料,所选的阅读材料要有一定的标准。在阅读材料中,要选择适合初中生阅读口味、阅读水平的材料。在阅读课上,教师应该积极思考,努力为学生提供具有刺激和诱导的任务,使学生主动参与教学过程,让所有的学生都有成功体验,培养学生阅读兴趣。

  (二)发展词汇能力

  词汇和语篇之间存在很大障碍,语感是完成词汇到语篇之间飞跃的助力,语感只有在语篇和其它英语信息的感觉与学习中才能获得,并得以强化和发展。词汇在语境或语篇中才有生命。词汇教学要融合于阅读活动之中,不能脱离情境,一定要在情境中去教,要在学生主动活动中去教,不要孤立灌输词汇知识。关注词汇量,也就是让学生反复见到这个单词,才能够运用这个词。词汇能力就是学生运用词汇的能力,识别单词的意思,在口语和写作中选择合适的单词,在语境中猜单词的意思等,老师不能只重视词汇量的积累,而忽视单词技能的培养,一定在阅读中发展词汇能力,只有发展词汇能力,才能促进阅读能力的提高。

  (三)培养阅读策略

  很多老师在阅读教学中存在的问题就是非常重视测试学生阅读理解,而忽视教会学生怎么理解,阅读教学决不能以检测学生理解的活动为主线进行,以检测阅读理解结果为主导的阅读活动不能完全提高学生的阅读技能。阅读教学应以帮助学生理解为核心目标,帮助他们学会阅读,帮助他们如何理解。帮助学生提高阅读理解能力和阅读技巧。这方面我的做法是:

  第一、激活学生已有的知识和经历。在阅读过程当中,要读懂语言,才能理解阅读材料中的信息,在阅读过程中,应该注意激发学生自己的思考和已有的知识。

  第二、预测。根据材料提供的信息进行预测,对材料的理解能少走弯路,提高阅读效率。

  第三、根据上下文猜词。这个单词尽管没学,但是能根据上下文的联系,来猜出单词的意思,从而获得对文章的正确理解。例如,He is mean and only thinks about himself.划线单词虽然没学过,但是根据上下句学生完全可以猜到的。这是提高阅读技巧的重要方面。

  第四、确定文章的结构 分析文章的结构,阅读文章段落的开头句,抓住每个段落的主旨大意,再进行细读,就会得到更多的信息。

  第五、弄清文本的特点 把握文体的内容和特点,重视文体的内容有助于对文章的理解。

  第六、发现作者的写作目的和态度。善于发现作者的写作目的和态度也有助于对文章的理解。

  第七、对主题结论进行判断。看文章内容和结论是否联系密切,有助于对文章的深入理解。

  学生阅读的过程就是获取信息、选择信息、连接信息、理解信息、加工信息的过程,这样使学生有一种动机,有一种欲望,去看去读。利用已有的知识

  、文中的信息和阅读材料中的语境,这三者之间的互动,体现了阅读的本质。

  如何做好课堂阅读,我的做法有五点:

  第一,激发阅读兴趣,做好阅读准备。

  第二,快速阅读文章。把握文章整体,

  第三、进行分段阅读,寻找关键词句

  第四、再次仔细阅读,解决重点词句。针对学生难于理解的句子或词汇等方面进行讲解,培养学生发散思维能力。如这个句子You can become better by reading something

  you enjoy every day.关于定语从句,学生比较难以理解,但是通过列举这样学生熟悉的短语something to eat something

  interesting a boy called Tom the best way to learn English等,这样学生就容易理解了,学生就会感受到定语的概念,以及英语和汉语语序上的差异。

  第五 进行相关练习,加深文章理解。

  第六,复述表演文段。提高语言运用。

  下面通过一个具体案例,和大家共同分享我是如何进行阅读教学的。

  题目 Would you mind keeping your

  voice down?

  教学过程:

  T:

  Class begins , Good afternoon, boys and girls.

  S:

  Good afternoon, teacher.

  T:

  Today we will have a competition at first. Who gets the star first, He will be

  the winner. Are you ready for the competition? My question is “what have you seen in the video?” If you

  know the answer, just stand up and say. (Let the students watch the video and

  say what they have seen. teacher draw “star” on the blackboard. Girls first finish the star.)

  T:

  Girls win. Let’s give girls warming hands. Just now you saw some volunteers , Look

  at the picture, What are the volunteers doing in Picture 1?(students answer)

  S:

  They are helping the old and the kids cross the road.

  T:

  What are the people doing in Picture 2

  S:

  They are waiting in line.(repeat with other pictures)

  He is picking up the litter.

  She is covering her mouth

  while sneezing.

  T:

  Do you often do that? They are polite behavior. Do you know some more polite

  behavior? Discuss in group, then tell me some more polite behavior. Which group

  wants to show me your ideas?

  S:

  Giving seat to the old people.

  Keeping quiet in the movie theatre.

  T:

  The polite behaviors make our society warm or beautiful. But look at this

  picture, Where are they?

  S:

  They are on a bus or subway.

  T: What are they doing?

  S:

  They are talking loudly with their friends.

  The girl is dropping the

  litter.

  The man is talking loudly on

  the phone.

  The man is smoking.

  The man is spitting.

  T:

  Do you think they are polite?

  S:

  No.

  T: They are

  impolite behaviors. Would you mind opening your books?Turn to Page 58? Let’s read the passage ,

  can you tell me how many paragraphs in the passage?

  S:

  Four.

  T:

  Would you mind reading quickly and tell me what the passage is about?

  (give 3 minutes. then ask

  students to answer)

  T: You mean the

  passage is about etiquette. Please read the first paragraph, and tell me what‘s the meaning of the etiquette.

  S:

  It is normal and social polite behavior.

  T:

  How do you find the answer so quickly?

  S:

  Just find the topic sentence.

  T:

  Finding the key words can help us find answer quickly. Remember it. We know

  many etiquettes , but Is etiquette the same in different cultures and

  situations? Let’s read paragraph 2 and give your opinion? (students answer)

  S:

  No. Show me some examples in your textbooks. Some more etiquette is different

  in different countries and cultures.

  T:

  look at the two pictures. What are the differences between them? discuss in

  small group and give me your opinion.

  S:

  In China

  ,people in a restaurant speak loudly, but people in foreign countries speak in

  a low voice.

  T:

  Good.

  S:

  But sometimes people break the rules or etiquette. Just like them. If you are

  the person on the bus , would you like to say something to them? Please read

  paragraph 3 and 4 and find the better way to give them suggestions.(give 4

  minutes)

  T:

  Who wants to say something to stop them?

  S:

  Would you mind picking up the litter?

  Would you mind keeping down your voice?

  Would you mind not spitting?

  T: Well done,

  everyone. Would you like to read the whole passage and match the paragraphs

  with summaries. (give 5 minutes)

  T:

  Have you finished it? Who wants to show your answer? (ask one student to

  answer)

  T:

  Do you agree with her? Let’s check the answer.

  T:

  She’s

  right. How can you find the answer? Discuss in small groups.

  S:

  Find the topic sentences in each paragraph.

  T:

  Where are the topic sentences in each paragraph? Maybe the key sentence is the

  first sentence or the last sentence in each paragraph. We call it topic

  sentence. OK. Boys and girls, What have we learned today?

  We

  have learned something about etiquette. What’s the meaning of etiquette?

  S:

  It is normal and social polite behavior. And etiquette is different in

  different cultures and situations. Sometimes people break the rules of

  etiquette . As a student, if we see some impolite behavior, we should do

  something to stop them. We should find some solutions. Let people follow the

  rules of etiquette. Do you understand ?

  Now

  take out this envelope , there is a

  topic in each envelope, list the impolite behavior we have seen in these

  places.( give 3 minutes)

  At

  school

  In

  the park

  On

  the road

  In

  other public places

  T:

  We should find some solutions. For examples: Make proposals. Make posters or

  make some signs. I prepare some posters for you. (give each group different

  jobs. give 6 minutes)

  T:

  Boys and girls, we should stop here. Would you like to read your proposal for

  us?(ask students to show)

  教学反思:

  阅读就是要让学生去观察,去感受,去联想,同时要对所读材料进行想象,我们教书更重要的是教会学生看书,教会学生念书,同样,在阅读教学中,更要关注学生的阅读过程,教师在阅读中要激发学生的学习兴趣;通过阅读发展学生的词汇能力,提高学生的阅读速度,让学生掌握一些阅读策略和技巧,评价学生阅读中的进步和成就,这才是我们阅读教学所追求的目标,也是我们英语教育教学的价值所在。阅读理解能力不是一朝一夕就可以提高的,关键在于坚持。英文有一句话说得好:"One

  cannot succeed without perseverance."只要目标明确,坚持不懈,并运用成功的阅读策略,英文阅读理解能力就会不断提高。


源初 中教 师*网 w Ww.9 1
0w.net
上一篇:小学英语教学中教学机智的运用的感悟    下一篇:浅谈初中英语词汇教学方法
推荐资讯